Which of the following involves testing for vulnerabilities in an organization's security measures?

Penetration testing is a comprehensive approach used to assess the security posture of an organization by simulating an attack on its systems. This process focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses within security measures that could be exploited by malicious actors. By mimicking the strategies and techniques employed by cybercriminals, penetration testing provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of an organization's defenses, allowing them to better understand where vulnerabilities exist and how to address them.

Unlike other options, such as data sanitization, which pertains to the secure deletion of data to prevent unauthorized access, or audit compliance, which involves ensuring that an organization meets regulatory requirements and standards, penetration testing has a specific focus on actively probing for vulnerabilities. Encryption strategies, while also critical for securing data, do not involve testing; rather, they refer to the methods used to protect data through cryptographic techniques.

Therefore, penetration testing is the most relevant choice when specifically looking for the identification and testing of vulnerabilities within an organization's security measures. This method is essential for proactively strengthening security by addressing identified weaknesses before they can be exploited in a real attack scenario.