What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?

The correct answer highlights a fundamental distinction in encryption methods. Symmetric encryption employs a single key for both encryption and decryption processes. This means that the same key must be kept secret and shared securely between the parties involved to protect the data being transmitted. If the key is compromised, so is the integrity of the encrypted information.

On the other hand, asymmetric encryption, also referred to as public key cryptography, utilizes a pair of keys: one public key and one private key. The public key is shared openly, allowing anyone to encrypt messages intended for the owner of the corresponding private key. Only the holder of the private key can decrypt the messages encrypted with the public key. This two-key system enhances security and simplifies key management, particularly in scenarios where secure key exchange is a challenge.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in the context of security practices, as it guides the selection of encryption strategies based on specific use cases and security requirements.