What is ransomware?

Ransomware is specifically defined as a type of malware that encrypts data on a victim's system and demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key. This malicious software can infect a wide range of devices, including computers and servers, making critical data inaccessible to the user. The typical scenario involves a user unwittingly downloading or executing the ransomware, which then encrypts files and displays a message instructing the victim on how to pay the ransom, often in cryptocurrency, to regain access to their data.

The other options do not align with the definition of ransomware. For instance, software that helps in data recovery or strategies for backup and disaster recovery are intended to protect data rather than compromise it. Similarly, methods used to protect sensitive information online do not encapsulate the malicious purposes and methods inherent in ransomware attacks. Therefore, option B accurately describes the nature and function of ransomware within the realm of cybersecurity.