What do access control lists (ACLs) manage?

Access control lists (ACLs) are a fundamental component of information security and resource management, specifically designed to define permissions and restrictions related to the access of various resources within a system. These lists effectively manage and specify which users or system processes are granted or denied access to specific resources such as files, directories, network services, or devices.

The primary function of ACLs is to establish a clear framework for access control, allowing administrators to control who can view, modify, or execute particular resources based on predetermined permissions. This is critical in maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data; by restricting access to authorized users only, the risk of unauthorized data breaches or modifications is significantly mitigated.

While the other options touch upon aspects of security or operational procedures, they do not encapsulate the core purpose of ACLs. Duration of access pertains to time-limited access control rather than the explicit permissions themselves. Physical location of data centers is related to infrastructure and physical security safeguards rather than user-level permissions. Usability of applications, while important, centers on user experience rather than the access rights governed by ACLs. Thus, the correct understanding of ACLs reinforces their role in managing who can access or modify specific resources effectively.